Andrew Garner, MD, PhD, FAAP

Advances in developmental sciences are allowing for a more sophisticated understanding of how early experiences, both adverse and nurturing, are biologically embedded and influence life-course trajectories. The concept of "toxic stress responses" is grounded in this science and helps to define many of our most intractable problems at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels. But to move forward and to address this public health crisis, we need an integrated public health approach that promotes the safe, stable, and nurturing relationships that buffer adversity and build the skills needed to be resilient.